Turkmenistan

The State Emblem of Turkmenistan represents an octahedron of green colour with yellow-golden edging in which two circles of blue and red colours are entered. Circles are divided among themselves by yellow-golden strips of identical width. On a green background of an octahedron around of a red circle basic elements of national riches and symbolises are represented. In the bottom part there are seven opened five-folding boxes of a white clap with green leaves. In an average part there are ears of wheat of yellow-golden colour, on two ears from each party of the emblem. In the top part there is a half moon with five-pointed stars of white colour.

On a ring strip of a red circle in the size in 2 diameters of a blue circle five basic carpet gels are represented on a course of a hour hand: akhalteke, salir, ersari, chovdur, jomut, which symbolize friendship and unity of Turkmen people. In a blue circle it is represented Janardag — a horse of the first and lifelong President of independent neutral Turkmenistan Saparmurata Turkmenbashi, pride of the Turkmen, personification of the classical sample unique breeds.

In 1992–2003 the emblem of Turkmenistan had the round to. According to the president of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov, suggested to change shape of the emblem, since ancient times at the Turkmen is considered an octagon a symbol of abundance, the world and calmness.

The state is in Central Asia. In the north it borders on Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, in the east — on Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, in the south — on Afghanistan and Iran. In the west it is washed by Caspian Sea.

It is known, that the region was a part of empires Chingishan in ХIII century and Tamerlan in XIV century. Turkmenistan last of the states of Central Asia was a part of Russia: in 1881 Turkmen fortress Gok-Tepe has fallen. After revolution of 1917 Turkmenistan for short term has found independence, however in 1918 the Turkistan Independent Soviet Socialist Republic has been toed, in 1924 Turkmenistan was a part of the USSR as union republic. On October, 27th, 1991 the country has proclaimed independence. Turkmenistan is a member of the United Nations, IMF, the OATS, and the CIS.

A state system is:

the head of the state and executive authority is the President.
The representative body is Khal maclakhati (National Soviet).
The legislature is Medglis (Parliament).